WEBVTT

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We must investigate
Easter's prehistory again.

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We should not just believe what we hear.

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{\an8}Rapa Nui dwellers and the archaeologist
dr Sonia Haoa Cardinali…

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{\an8}ARCHAEOLOGY

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{\an8}…have tried to recreate
Our lost history for almost 50 years.

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She has not studied the moai statues
or old places of residence,

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but through a careful examination
of our vegetation.

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Sonia, I understand that you have
a special interest in botany,

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but you are also an archaeologist.

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Yes. The most important thing for me
Is to understand the people.

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It is to understand how people got here
and how they adapted to it here.

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We humans
can't do anything without plants.

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In the crater
on one of Rapa Nui's extinct volcanoes

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Dr. Cardinali and her colleagues have been looking
after coating for non-planted plants.

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Plants that must have been brought here
of people.

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What do the plants say
about when people settled here?

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When we studied the different food crops here
we got results…

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Yes?

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…in bananas.

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We found bananas on earth 3,000 years ago.

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So there have been bananas on Rapa Nui
for at least 3,000 years?

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Yes.

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The bananas didn't come here themselves.

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They didn't come here with birds.
They didn't come here over the sea.

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The bananas must have
planted by people.

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So that's why I can tell you

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that people arrived on Rapa Nui
during a different time period.

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Yes.

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It was a big surprise for everyone,
and that changed the story a little.

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It changes the story a lot.

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- The earth does not lie.
- No, the earth speaks the truth.

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We didn't think the banana was that important.

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Dr. Cardinali's dating was based on
microscopic fragments of banana plants.

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Her findings moved colonization
of Rapa Nui about 2,000 years ago.

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FА–R 3 215 А…R SEN

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The plants help us
to extend the timeline backwards.

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It is possible
that it is about more than 3,000 years.

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We don't know. But that's why
we must continue to research.

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Absolutely.

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Based on these allegations, we have to rethink
when it comes to Rapa Nui's prehistory.

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According to Dr. Cardinali's findings
reached the Polynesians on this day

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much earlier than has been thought.

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But Rapa Nui's oral traditions
gives us another chance.

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Maybe Hotu Matu'a
and his seven spies arrived here

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several thousand years earlier
Than anyone has ever thought possible.

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Couldn't there be a forgotten chapter
in this year's history?

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An earlier chapter, which was written
of survivors from the global disaster

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which took place about 12,000 years ago?

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If people came to Rapa Nui
Thousands of years ago, where did they live?

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Where are the archaeological traces
which we should then find?

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During the last ice age, sea level was
Over 100 meters lower than today.

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Then Rapa Nui was a much bigger group.

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The larger land area could have provided
a much larger population.

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That could explain
how they managed to carve all the moai statues.

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Could the builders have chosen to live near the coast,
in an area that is now under water?

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Maybe they just used that land
as we see today for his statue project?

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It is difficult to understand how much land
which disappeared into the sea towards the end of the ice age.

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It is about broadly speaking
25 million square kilometers.

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It was the best farmland of the time.

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When the sea level suddenly rises
the coastal areas end up under water.

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Everything that has been built there
will be destroyed.

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No one knows what was lost in the sea.

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What we know is
that the earliest settlers are here

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developed more
Another exceptional stonemasonry skill.

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According to Rapa Nui traditions
took their founder, King Hotu Matu'a,

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bring something special with them
from the distant land of Hiva.

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A written language.

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It is preserved on wooden boards
which is called rongorongo.

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They are probably copies of copies
of long-lost originals.

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There are fewer than 30 rongorongo left,
in museums around the world.

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For the inhabitants of Rapa Nui,
as the documentary filmmaker Leo Pakarati,

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have these paintings
a special place in history.

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It is an incredible feat.

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Usually there is a written language
only in large, well-organized cultures.

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{\an8}Here is one on a small one.

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{\an8}DOCUMENTARY FILMMAKER

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Rongorongo are very interesting
and important to our culture.

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Are they unique in Polynesia?

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Yes, they are unique.
Rongorongo is not found on other islands.

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With the slave rows in the 1800s
and the elaboration of Easter traditions,

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knowledge was lost
to read the rongorongo paintings.

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They remain
one of the great mysteries of antiquity.

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Linguists have shown
that there are too many different symbols

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before the scripture
must be an alphabet.

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It is probably a hieroglyphic
or pictographic writing,

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which are similar to those developed
in Egypt and in the Indus Valley.

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The writing system must have taken hundreds
or thousands of years to grow.

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The Rongorongo system is very complex.

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Many different components are required:
peace, water, food, society…

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It is a very intellectual,
complex process.

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For several centuries,
until the Europeans arrived,

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they expressed the written language in song.

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But the connection between sounds and symbols
Has been forgotten for a long time.

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People didn't learn to read.

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You only learned the songs,
so the songs survived longer.

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What were these songs about?

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- Farming system.
- Yes.

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Rules for navigation.
The different family trees and family lines.

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- Who gave land, things like that.
- Okay.

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For me it's rongorongo
perhaps the most important

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which Tupuna, our ancestors, created.

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That there is
a fully developed written language in Easter

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Is a paradox and a mystery
which has not yet been explained.

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I think you have to weigh the possibility

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that the written language first came to Easter
a very long time ago,

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of the first settlers,
as the oral tradition says

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came from a much bigger country
in the Pacific which was called Hiva,

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which was hit by a huge flood
and sank into the sea.

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I realize I'm just speculating.

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But can it be here
the language used

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of the lost civilization
that I'm looking for?

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A people from faraway Hiva…

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…whose origin history and written language
was preserved by the sailing Polynesians,

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those who today call themselves Rapa Nui.

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I think the moai statues can too
come from the same previous civilization.

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There are even coatings for the front
that the ahu platforms on which the moai stand

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can build on an older design
that were created by others.

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Like this one.

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This is Ahu Vinapu.
It is unique in two ways.

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First of all, it has been built
entirely in hard basalt,

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and not in soft volcanic tuff,
like most others.

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The second cannot be avoided.

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The boulders have been joined in a way

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which is much more advanced
At someone else's house.

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It was built so precisely
of the original builders,

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that no organic matter
from that time has been stuck in the joints.

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This makes it impossible to date it.

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It is so out of place here that you can believe it
that it was created by a completely different culture.

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There is another reason why I believe
that it belongs to another culture

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could be the loser
ice age culture that I'm looking for.

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أ–n's original name أ¤r
Tea Pito and tea Henua.

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It means "navel of the world".

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Ancient sacred sites are called "navels"

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appears again and again in many cultures
and languages around the world.

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{\an8}Göbekli Tepe
literally means "hill of the navel".

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{\an8}Delphi in Greece was the navel of the world.

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{\an8}DELPHIS - GREECE

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{\an8}Angkor in Cambodia was also one.

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{\an8}CAMBODIA

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Is it possible for an individual
global prehistoric culture

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using this navel reference
to name their holiest places,

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Including Rapa Nui?

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If so, how did they get here?

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There is an exciting opportunity.

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Rapa Nui is on the western edge
of an underground mountain range.

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During the ice age
sea level was 100 meters lower,

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and the sea floor may have been higher
due to the phenomenon called isostasy.

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The tops of some of the mountains
may have reached the surface.

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Then they may have created a chain of small ones
between Rapa Nui and what is now Peru.

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And it's right there
as we find something unique,

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on a mountain slope
facing the sea.

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A huge geoglyph,
which today is known as the Candelabra of the Andes.

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The sand has been scraped off the mountain
in the form of a huge trident.

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When approaching the coast of Peru
it feels almost like a signal,

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who calls people against him, and says:
"Come here. There is something important here."

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The geoglyph cannot be dated with certainty,

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but ceramics that have been found in the vicinity
has been attributed to the Paracas culture,

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The geoglyph is said to have been inspired
of the legend of the god Viracocha.

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He became a god after creating many
wonders in this part of the world,

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from the famous nazca lines,

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to the mysterious stone complex
in Tiahuanaco in Bolivia,

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high up in the Andes,
when his story begins.

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According to the myths of the Inca people, the area
have suffered a major disaster,

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a real prehistoric disaster.

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Afterwards, a stranger appeared
from the waters of the Titicaca basin.

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They called him Viracocha.

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"The foam of the sea."

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He and his disciples
the survivors learned the secrets of agriculture.

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They showed them advanced stonemasonry
and how to follow the movements of the firmament.

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In principle, he gives the gift of civilization

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to the demoralized and brokenhearted
The survivors after a disaster.

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These stories are similar to stories
which can be found around the world,

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dealing with creatures, gods,
people who survived the disaster,

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and who tried
start civilization anew.

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In Egypt it was Osiris,

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who taught his people
to grow, harvest and make laws.

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With the Aztecs of Mexico it was Quetzalcoatl,
the bearded wanderer,

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who first gave them the gift of civilization.

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On Rapa Nui, King Hotu Matu'a follows
and his chosen men the same theme.

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They come to sea from a distant land
to start civilization anew.

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Because the same traditions are around
the whole world we must take them seriously.

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Even today is history telling
a powerful way

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to pass on knowledge
from one generation to the next.

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With these universal stories,

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{\an8}do you think that what we get is a small crumb
of that older knowledge?

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{\an8}Yes, I think so.

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And where did it come from?

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Few survivors
could pass the knowledge on,

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but the knowledge spread
as myths and as traditions.

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Myths of humanity
is the human race's memory bank,

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from a time without written down memories.

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Yes. The oral tradition is one
powerful way to tell the story.

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For me it's about
some kind of historical events.

00:16:51.920 --> 00:16:52.880
Yes, exactly.

00:16:52.960 --> 00:16:56.920
It is said that the same thought
keeps coming back

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in cultures that had not
any contact with each other,

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which makes me think it's a legacy
from a much older culture.

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That's why I think we have to
take myths much more seriously.

00:17:09.600 --> 00:17:11.240
Yes, I think so too.

00:17:15.760 --> 00:17:19.920
The great teachers from our myths,
as Viracocha,

00:17:20.000 --> 00:17:25.000
may have been some of the few survivors
from a civilization that was lost.

00:17:28.440 --> 00:17:32.440
There may be more charges
for what Viracocha left behind.

00:17:33.880 --> 00:17:36.680
Almost 50 miles east from Candelaber…

00:17:39.320 --> 00:17:42.800
…on a mountain plateau near the city of Cusco…

00:17:44.880 --> 00:17:47.880
…more than 33,000 meters above sea level…

00:17:49.880 --> 00:17:52.120
…is Sacsayhuaman.

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This is one of the world's most incredible
find places and one of the most mysterious.

00:18:10.520 --> 00:18:16.200
The big plate
is full of archaeological wonders in stone.

00:18:18.080 --> 00:18:21.600
At the edge of the plateau
lies the biggest mystery of all…

00:18:28.640 --> 00:18:31.840
Three rows of astonishing stone walls…

00:18:35.200 --> 00:18:37.280
…in a zigzag pattern across the mountain.

00:18:43.040 --> 00:18:48.040
I have been coming here for over 30 years,
and I'm still just as baffled.

00:18:50.800 --> 00:18:55.480
But now when my search for a lost one
civilization has focused on America…

00:18:56.760 --> 00:19:00.240
…I want to investigate
this ancient mystery anew.

00:19:02.480 --> 00:19:08.400
I always feel tiny
when I stand by these giant stones.

00:19:10.560 --> 00:19:16.560
There are thousands of such boulders here,
which are perfectly formed and joined.

00:19:19.800 --> 00:19:22.920
No block is the same as another.

00:19:24.560 --> 00:19:28.560
Despite that, they are joined
with incredible precision.

00:19:30.040 --> 00:19:33.040
They look almost fused.

00:19:35.280 --> 00:19:40.680
Even with today's technology,
where would one start? How was it done here?

00:19:44.600 --> 00:19:49.080
To understand Sacsayhuaman
we need to know more about its history.

00:19:49.920 --> 00:19:52.920
It is intertwined with the city next door.

00:19:58.040 --> 00:20:03.120
Today, Cusco is a vibrant metropolis
with 500,000 inhabitants.

00:20:04.920 --> 00:20:08.920
It is a popular tourist destination
for millions of people every year.

00:20:11.400 --> 00:20:14.880
For me, the city is so much more than that.

00:20:18.000 --> 00:20:21.200
Cusco was the capital
in the mighty Inca empire,

00:20:21.280 --> 00:20:25.280
an incredible,
truly unique civilization.

00:20:27.160 --> 00:20:30.280
It was a civilization
which thrived in the Andes.

00:20:32.040 --> 00:20:36.520
{\an8}It is famous for fantastic
stone structures such as Machu Picchu.

00:20:39.240 --> 00:20:44.720
But as with Rapa Nui's moai,
The true story is one of disaster.

00:20:47.080 --> 00:20:53.880
In 1532, the Spanish conquistadors came here
and spread chaos and destruction.

00:20:55.120 --> 00:20:59.760
Because the Spanish oppressed
indigenous culture,

00:20:59.840 --> 00:21:05.000
we know only fragments about the Incas.
It is a black hole in history.

00:21:07.360 --> 00:21:11.600
Why is that? For the story
of course written off the victories.

00:21:15.560 --> 00:21:21.040
Very few conquistadors put in any time
to learn about the culture they planned.

00:21:23.120 --> 00:21:25.320
The Inca civilization was magnificent.

00:21:25.400 --> 00:21:29.600
They performed incredible feats,
but they did not last long.

00:21:30.760 --> 00:21:36.480
The Inca Empire was rich and powerful,
but it was only barely a hundred years old

00:21:36.560 --> 00:21:38.680
when the conquistadors arrived.

00:21:38.760 --> 00:21:39.840
FА–R 467 А…R SEN

00:21:39.920 --> 00:21:42.440
But of course the Spaniards didn't know that.

00:21:42.520 --> 00:21:47.600
They assumed that everything they saw,
including the incredible stone walls,

00:21:47.680 --> 00:21:50.680
had been created by that people
which they had just met.

00:21:52.680 --> 00:21:55.760
It is hard to imagine
how to create all this

00:21:55.840 --> 00:21:58.800
with the tools that the Incas are supposed to have had.

00:21:58.880 --> 00:22:03.520
It was mostly other stones that they could
knock on the big rocks with.

00:22:03.600 --> 00:22:05.120
I can't get it together.

00:22:10.200 --> 00:22:13.080
The Incas had no written language.

00:22:13.600 --> 00:22:16.400
But according to the deficient
Spanish documents

00:22:16.480 --> 00:22:21.040
Sacsayhuaman was created
of Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui,

00:22:21.120 --> 00:22:25.600
who was the first ruler of the Inca Empire,
More than 500 years ago.

00:22:30.240 --> 00:22:34.320
{\an8}I hope to learn more
by the expert Amadeo Valer Farfأ,n.

00:22:34.400 --> 00:22:35.640
{\an8}ARCHAEOLOGY and Fأ–RFATTER

00:22:37.280 --> 00:22:40.400
About when, in what century, do you think

00:22:40.480 --> 00:22:44.880
that it sounds incredible,
magnificent edifice came into being?

00:22:44.960 --> 00:22:48.960
Construction began around 1440.

00:22:50.600 --> 00:22:54.080
- It was finished after 90 years.
- Okay.

00:22:54.160 --> 00:22:57.160
Just before the conquistadors came.

00:23:01.120 --> 00:23:06.120
Pachacuti decided to build
Sacsayhuaman of stone that was on the site.

00:23:07.920 --> 00:23:10.400
It was a fairly soft rock.

00:23:11.280 --> 00:23:14.280
Now the place is
over 3,500 meters above sea level,

00:23:14.360 --> 00:23:17.840
but once upon a time
where was the bottom of the sea.

00:23:21.000 --> 00:23:25.640
A long time ago, this part was lying
of South America underwater.

00:23:25.720 --> 00:23:31.800
In different parts of this valley
you can see limestone bedrock.

00:23:31.880 --> 00:23:34.200
- Limestone. Sedimentary rock.
- Yes.

00:23:34.280 --> 00:23:40.760
It makes this stone softer
to work with other types of stone.

00:23:43.040 --> 00:23:49.200
According to the archaeologists, the stones will
from the quarry over a mile away.

00:23:51.880 --> 00:23:56.680
I realize that limestone is a soft rock
which is quite easy to work with,

00:23:56.760 --> 00:24:00.800
but it really is
absolutely huge limestone blocks.

00:24:00.880 --> 00:24:06.360
- What does the heaviest block weigh?
- The heaviest weighs over 100 tons.

00:24:06.440 --> 00:24:07.360
My God…

00:24:12.680 --> 00:24:16.840
What puzzles me is
how to move the big boulders.

00:24:16.920 --> 00:24:19.320
I don't understand how it was done.

00:24:19.400 --> 00:24:23.040
As I see it
Is the secret a matter of quantity?

00:24:23.120 --> 00:24:27.640
Pedro Cieza de León was
a Spanish soldier and historian.

00:24:27.720 --> 00:24:34.040
According to him worked
Over 20,000 people here every day.

00:24:34.120 --> 00:24:36.960
It is a big organizational challenge.

00:24:37.040 --> 00:24:42.360
To organize a team of 20,000 workers
Is a very advanced task.

00:24:46.800 --> 00:24:50.000
To build the Empire State Building
in New York

00:24:50.080 --> 00:24:54.560
approximately 3,400 workers were required,
in the 20th century.

00:24:55.640 --> 00:24:58.120
Even with six times as many workers

00:24:58.200 --> 00:25:04.800
it must have been a huge challenge
to move the stones with the technology of the time.

00:25:04.880 --> 00:25:07.360
It could quickly go wrong.

00:25:08.680 --> 00:25:13.120
The only one who has portrayed
how to move such a big stone

00:25:13.200 --> 00:25:17.000
is a Spanish historian,
some tens of years after the conquest.

00:25:17.080 --> 00:25:23.240
According to what he heard from the locals
that attempt ended in disaster.

00:25:26.440 --> 00:25:30.160
He tells about a huge boulder
which was dragged over the mountain

00:25:30.240 --> 00:25:32.240
of over 20,000 people.

00:25:33.880 --> 00:25:38.000
But suddenly they lost control
at a cliff ledge.

00:25:39.880 --> 00:25:42.360
The block crushed over 3,000 workers.

00:25:44.720 --> 00:25:48.520
If it was so hard for the Incas
to move a single boulder,

00:25:48.600 --> 00:25:51.120
how could they bring thousands here?

00:25:59.000 --> 00:26:00.920
According to Spanish historians

00:26:01.000 --> 00:26:06.000
the Incas used a combination
of ropes, rolling logs and levers.

00:26:08.600 --> 00:26:14.000
With enormous efforts one would
be able to join two or three such blocks,

00:26:14.080 --> 00:26:18.760
but to join hundreds,
which all fit together very precisely,

00:26:18.840 --> 00:26:20.840
it is not possible to understand.

00:26:22.680 --> 00:26:27.680
Think about the Inca emperor actually
just oversaw the construction of a fort

00:26:27.760 --> 00:26:31.920
on top of stone walls that were already in place?

00:26:34.080 --> 00:26:40.160
It is hard to understand how incredible this is
must have looked like before the Spanish came.

00:26:40.240 --> 00:26:45.440
By combining new research
with conquistadors' eyewitness accounts

00:26:45.520 --> 00:26:49.240
can we get a good idea of
what Sacsayhuaman looked like

00:26:49.320 --> 00:26:51.280
during the heyday of the Inca Empire.

00:26:56.920 --> 00:27:01.880
According to the Spanish
was the main complex a military installation,

00:27:01.960 --> 00:27:04.440
with room for thousands of soldiers.

00:27:09.120 --> 00:27:14.120
They describe a round tower with three walls,
which towered 15 meters above the site.

00:27:15.200 --> 00:27:18.680
The tower was surrounded
of rectangular buildings and courtyards.

00:27:19.560 --> 00:27:23.040
They had their own fresh water system
and barns for crops.

00:27:26.200 --> 00:27:30.200
The attackers believed that Sacsayhuaman
had been built as a fort.

00:27:31.680 --> 00:27:38.520
When Cusco had fallen, the Inca warriors
last hold behind these walls.

00:27:42.200 --> 00:27:44.200
They are all that remains today.

00:27:46.600 --> 00:27:48.800
But was that their original purpose?

00:27:50.920 --> 00:27:57.600
What do the archaeologists say about the Sacsayhuamans
origin, and what was it built for?

00:27:58.200 --> 00:28:01.680
Many mean
that it was a military construction.

00:28:02.280 --> 00:28:06.600
The Spanish, the conquistadors said
that it was a military fort.

00:28:06.680 --> 00:28:07.920
But it wasn't.

00:28:08.000 --> 00:28:13.480
It was a holy place, a temple,
where rituals and ceremonies were performed.

00:28:15.800 --> 00:28:18.440
So what we can read in the history books,

00:28:18.520 --> 00:28:23.000
that Sacsayhuaman was built
like a military fort, is that wrong?

00:28:23.080 --> 00:28:24.400
It is completely wrong.

00:28:27.000 --> 00:28:33.160
What's left up on the hill,
walls of identical rectangular blocks,

00:28:33.240 --> 00:28:37.480
indicates that they were not built at the same time
like the great stone walls.

00:28:39.440 --> 00:28:45.800
So one could say that the Incas
inherited older buildings,

00:28:45.880 --> 00:28:48.400
and that they are difficult to explain?

00:28:48.480 --> 00:28:49.360
Yes.

00:28:50.080 --> 00:28:56.080
It also indicates that they were manufactured
with another, unknown, stonemason's technique.

00:28:59.720 --> 00:29:03.920
You can see it as a lost technology.

00:29:06.040 --> 00:29:11.440
It's still a mystery,
a mystery that we cannot explain.

00:29:12.920 --> 00:29:17.960
Can Sacsayhuaman's smooth, massive,
zigzag walls have been created,

00:29:18.040 --> 00:29:21.600
not by the Incas, but by others?

00:29:27.920 --> 00:29:32.120
Think about the construction works here,
which is attributed to the Incas,

00:29:32.200 --> 00:29:35.080
is actually a legacy
from a much older time?

00:29:38.360 --> 00:29:45.320
Could it be a legacy from a civilization
that we have not yet identified?

00:29:48.320 --> 00:29:53.800
You haven't actually found it
simpler versions of the smooth stone walls

00:29:53.880 --> 00:29:55.880
somewhere else in Peru.

00:29:57.040 --> 00:30:01.040
But we saw something similar
when we were on Rapa Nui.

00:30:03.960 --> 00:30:06.120
{\an8}In the walls of Ahu Vinapus.

00:30:06.200 --> 00:30:12.040
{\an8}They are said to have been built long before Sacsayhuaman,
more than 300 miles away.

00:30:14.960 --> 00:30:19.280
The boulders are solid basalt
and they are beautifully joined.

00:30:19.360 --> 00:30:24.360
They contain many-sided elements,
just like the walls of Sacsayhuaman.

00:30:25.280 --> 00:30:30.480
{\an8}Similar constructions exist
in ancient walls in Turkey and in Egypt.

00:30:30.560 --> 00:30:32.120
{\an8}CHEFREN'S PYRAMID - EGYPT

00:30:32.200 --> 00:30:37.200
{\an8}There is a special small block
which has been inserted between larger blocks.

00:30:37.280 --> 00:30:41.280
{\an8}It is identical.
It looks exactly the same in Cusco.

00:30:43.080 --> 00:30:47.800
{\an8}Some say that one only used
Remaining material in an effective way.

00:30:48.560 --> 00:30:50.560
But just look at the precision.

00:30:51.600 --> 00:30:58.040
It feels like it's an old one
technique that was not only used in Peru.

00:31:01.080 --> 00:31:06.760
Think if the Incas built those structures
as we see here on a much older foundation?

00:31:08.280 --> 00:31:13.520
A basis that might belong
from the first civilization in America.

00:31:17.200 --> 00:31:22.560
The possibility takes me to the city
as Sacsayhuaman à¶verblickar.

00:31:22.640 --> 00:31:26.080
There is a city called
can be a decisive lead.

00:31:27.360 --> 00:31:32.720
Quechua, Incafolk,
Cusco means "navel of the world".

00:31:33.240 --> 00:31:34.240
{\an8}TURKEY

00:31:34.320 --> 00:31:38.720
{\an8}Exactly like all the other saints
navelplatserna, dأ¤ribland Rapa Nui.

00:31:41.400 --> 00:31:45.680
That places all over the world are called
"navel of the world"

00:31:45.760 --> 00:31:48.520
Is more than just a meeting.

00:31:51.120 --> 00:31:56.040
Know the incredible stone work that we see
Everywhere in this navel of the world

00:31:56.120 --> 00:32:01.920
be yet another legacy from the ancient
advanced civilization that I seek?

00:32:06.280 --> 00:32:12.920
А–everywhere in the city there are layers upon layers
of beautiful, intricately designed stone walls.

00:32:13.480 --> 00:32:15.560
Some contain giant stones.

00:32:16.480 --> 00:32:21.480
The mystery is that everyone is a wall
often have several different architectural styles.

00:32:21.560 --> 00:32:25.040
Some are very advanced,
others are relatively simple.

00:32:28.760 --> 00:32:31.840
That mystery has brought me
to Calle Loreto in Cusco.

00:32:32.640 --> 00:32:38.040
There I meet the archeology researcher
and the Inca descendant Jesus Gamarra.

00:32:38.120 --> 00:32:41.960
{\an8}For many years he has investigated
Peru's ancient stone structures.

00:32:42.040 --> 00:32:43.040
{\an8}ARCHAEOLOGY RESEARCHER

00:32:43.560 --> 00:32:48.520
Tell us about your work in Cusco
and the Sacred Valley.

00:32:49.120 --> 00:32:55.120
My passion is antiques
which comes from the origin of man.

00:32:55.800 --> 00:33:00.040
There is something reflected in the stone,

00:33:00.120 --> 00:33:04.720
which is the oldest witness
that exists in history.

00:33:06.840 --> 00:33:09.120
Just like in Sacsayhuaman,

00:33:09.200 --> 00:33:12.480
The stone walls of the street are almost joined together.

00:33:13.440 --> 00:33:16.920
The soft edges of one stone flow into the next.

00:33:18.400 --> 00:33:22.800
It is absolutely incredible.
I am completely dumbfounded by this.

00:33:22.880 --> 00:33:28.280
I can't understand
how someone could have built walls

00:33:28.360 --> 00:33:31.560
where they hear the huge stones
fits together so perfectly.

00:33:33.120 --> 00:33:36.800
The archaeologists say
that the Incas built them,

00:33:36.880 --> 00:33:41.680
and that they used simple stone tools
to create this amazing.

00:33:41.760 --> 00:33:48.600
It is not possible to create this wonder
with just a hammer and chisel.

00:33:48.680 --> 00:33:53.280
It is impossible to calculate
the perfect precision

00:33:53.360 --> 00:33:56.360
which is found in these stone walls.

00:33:58.360 --> 00:34:01.520
That precision is most evident here.

00:34:02.280 --> 00:34:06.400
The 12-cornered stone
Is a geometric wonder.

00:34:08.400 --> 00:34:13.400
Its sides fit together perfectly
with 11 other unique boulders.

00:34:16.160 --> 00:34:20.720
But there is something else that disturbs
with these so-called Inca walls.

00:34:23.320 --> 00:34:26.400
I see many different styles of architecture here.

00:34:26.480 --> 00:34:28.720
Here are the most incredible masonry,

00:34:28.800 --> 00:34:32.640
but then we see much simpler
stonework side by side.

00:34:32.720 --> 00:34:34.880
Help me to understand that mystery.

00:34:34.960 --> 00:34:38.680
This is the architecture
does not come from the Incas.

00:34:40.280 --> 00:34:47.240
The Incas did not use
this kind of multi-faceted architecture.

00:34:47.760 --> 00:34:51.280
The Incas had a different kind of architecture,

00:34:51.360 --> 00:34:55.040
which was characterized by right angles.

00:34:58.440 --> 00:35:04.920
The upper part has stone blocks with marks
from the tools the Incas used.

00:35:06.040 --> 00:35:11.040
They are no mystery,
unlike the lower layers.

00:35:12.840 --> 00:35:18.120
- According to you, the Incas didn't create this?
- No.

00:35:19.080 --> 00:35:23.360
Jesus believes that the Incas built
on top of and around significantly older walls,

00:35:23.440 --> 00:35:26.200
which were already in place when they got here.

00:35:29.480 --> 00:35:34.440
History of Cusco
does not begin with the Incas,

00:35:34.520 --> 00:35:37.680
but it goes back considerably further.

00:35:39.280 --> 00:35:42.640
Jesus Gamarra is convinced
that here we see not only one,

00:35:42.720 --> 00:35:47.080
but at least three architectural styles,
created by three different cultures.

00:35:49.360 --> 00:35:53.840
Jesus believes that the Incas are behind it
the latest, rough stones.

00:35:54.520 --> 00:35:59.920
But he means the smooth stones
both here and in Sacsayhuaman

00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:06.720
has been created with a significantly older technology,
which the Incas could not recreate.

00:36:10.040 --> 00:36:15.520
There are things that are impossible
for more modern civilizations.

00:36:15.600 --> 00:36:20.280
They are considerably older and they prove it

00:36:20.360 --> 00:36:25.200
that they are products
of a different way of working in stone.

00:36:26.520 --> 00:36:30.560
Jesus Gamarra calls it this style
Hanan Pacha.

00:36:30.640 --> 00:36:36.120
To see it with your own eyes, he suggests
a visit to an exciting place.

00:36:36.840 --> 00:36:40.320
It is located on the hillside
on the way up towards Sacsayhuaman.

00:36:45.200 --> 00:36:47.360
It really is a mysterious place.

00:36:49.600 --> 00:36:53.080
It has a secret entrance
which is almost impossible to see.

00:36:56.080 --> 00:36:59.560
Here you see again
a strange mixture of building styles.

00:37:01.880 --> 00:37:04.200
The place is called the Temple of the Moon.

00:37:06.440 --> 00:37:11.200
THE TEMPLE OF THE MOON

00:37:15.280 --> 00:37:19.760
Here is a strange,
complicated, mysterious place.

00:37:20.560 --> 00:37:23.480
The low walls are typical inca walls.

00:37:25.240 --> 00:37:30.120
But hidden inside this rock
there is something completely different.

00:37:34.000 --> 00:37:40.160
You enter through a narrow passage,
in complete silence.

00:37:42.360 --> 00:37:45.240
It's almost like entering a labyrinth.

00:37:47.040 --> 00:37:50.560
It looks like an unknown technology
which we do not fully understand.

00:37:51.200 --> 00:37:55.080
It has been created for reasons
which we cannot fathom.

00:38:22.760 --> 00:38:26.960
{\an8}Subtitles: Peeter Sällström Randsalu